Internet Crimes :: essays research papers

The new discipline of computing and the sciences that depend upon it have led the way in making space for womens elaboration on an equal basis. That was in some ways true for Grace Murray Hopper, and it is all the more true for women today because of Hoppers work. Grace Brewster Murray graduated from Vassar with a B.A. in mathematics in 1928 and worked under algebraist Oystein Ore at Yale for her M.A. (1930) and Ph.D. (1934). She married Vincent Foster Hopper, an educator, in 1930 and began teaching mathematics at Vassar in 1931. She had achieved the rank of associate professor in 1941 when she won a faculty fellowship for study at New York Universitys Courant Institute for Mathematics. Hopper had come from a family with military traditions, thus it was not move to anyone when she resigned her Vassar post to join the Navy WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service) in December 1943. She was commissioned a lieutenant in July 1944 and reported to the Bureau of weaponry C omputation Project at Harvard University, where she was the third person to join the research team of professor (and Naval Reserve lieutenant) Howard H. Aiken. She recalled that he greeted her with the words, "Where the hell have you been?" and pointed to his electromechanical Mark I computing machine, saying "Here, compute the coefficients of the arc tangent series by next Thursday." Hopper plunged in and learned to program the machine, position together a 500-page Manual of Operations for the Automatic Sequence-Controlled Calculator in which she outlined the fundamental operating principles of computing machines. By the end of World struggle II in 1945, Hopper was working on the Mark II version of the machine. Although her marriage was dissolved at this point, and though she had no children, she did not seize on her maiden name. Hopper was appointed to the Harvard faculty as a research fellow, and in 1949 she joined the newly formed Eckert-Mauchly Corporation. H opper never again held alone one job at a time. She remained associated with Eckert-Mauchly and its successors (Remington-Rand, Sperry-Rand, and Univac) until her official "retirement" in 1971. Her work took her back and forth among institutions in the military, private industry, business, and academe. In December 1983 she was promoted to commodore in a ceremony at the White House. When the post of commodore was merged with that of rear admiral, two years later, she became Admiral Hopper.

The Contribution of Patient Case Studies on our Understanding of Cognit

Although it shares cognitive neurosciences roots, cognitive neuropsychology has developed into a distinct discipline. While cognitive neuroscience studies spooky organisation of the virtuoso, cognitive neuropsychology concerns itself with the stars functional architecture Coltheart (2010) describes this as a distinction between brain and mind. According to, among others, Coltheart (2002, cited Coltheart, 2010) this makes cognitive neuropsychology a branch of cognitive psychology rather than neuroscience. Patient case studies have played a critical federal agency in developing cognitive neuropsychology into a separate discipline, although data from case studies can support and even progress cognitive neuroscientific findings about neural architecture. Cognitive neuroscientific research has identified dorsal and ventral visual pathways (e.g. Shapley, 1995, cited Pike and Edgar, 2010) in the brain, known respectively as the where and the what pathways. A case study of enduring DF by Milner and Goodale (1995, cited Pike and Edgar, 2010) found impairment in face and disapprove recognition and visual discrimination, suggesting damage to the ventral pathway. When asked to pick up a downhearted disc, the width of which she could not judge, the distance between DFs index finger and thumb correlated highly with the actual disc width, suggesting that she was able to guide body process using size information unavailable to conscious report. Milner and Goodale went on to develop the ventral/dorsal dissociation theory by suggesting that the ventral what pathway processes endeavor recognition while the dorsal where system drives attain in relation to an object (Goodale and Milner, 1992 Milner and Goodale, 1995, both cited Pike and Edgar, 2010). Thus a patie... ...In Kaye, H. (Ed,), Methods Companion (2nd ed., pp. 59-102). Milton Keynes The open up University.Patterson, K. And Plaut, D.C. (2009). school Draughts Intoxicate the Brain Lessons from Cognitive Science for Cognitive Neuropsychology, Topics in Cognitive Science, vol. 1 (1), pp.39-58. Pike, G. and Edgar, G. (2010). Perception. In Kaye, H. (Ed,), Cognitive Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 63-104). Milton Keynes The bold University.Rutherford, A. (2010). Long-term memory encoding to retrieval. In Kaye, H. (Ed,), Cognitive Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 63-104). Milton Keynes The Open University.Wierenga, C.E., Maher, L.M., Moore, A., White, K.D., McGregor, K., Soltysik, D.A. and Crosson, B. (2006). Neural substrates of syntactic mapping treatment An fMRI study of cardinal cases, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 12(1), pp.132-146. The Contribution of Patient Case Studies on our Understanding of CognitAlthough it shares cognitive neurosciences roots, cognitive neuropsychology has developed into a distinguishable discipline. While cognitive neuroscience studies neural organisation of the brain, cognitive neuropsychology concerns itself with the brains fun ctional architecture Coltheart (2010) describes this as a distinction between brain and mind. According to, among others, Coltheart (2002, cited Coltheart, 2010) this makes cognitive neuropsychology a branch of cognitive psychology rather than neuroscience. Patient case studies have played a critical social function in developing cognitive neuropsychology into a separate discipline, although data from case studies can support and even progress cognitive neuroscientific findings about neural architecture. Cognitive neuroscientific research has identified dorsal and ventral visual pathways (e.g. Shapley, 1995, cited Pike and Edgar, 2010) in the brain, known respectively as the where and the what pathways. A case study of patient DF by Milner and Goodale (1995, cited Pike and Edgar, 2010) found impairment in face and object recognition and visual discrimination, suggesting damage to the ventral pathway. When asked to pick up a nonaged disc, the width of which she could not judge, th e distance between DFs index finger and thumb correlated highly with the actual disc width, suggesting that she was able to guide action using size information unavailable to conscious report. Milner and Goodale went on to develop the ventral/dorsal dissociation theory by suggesting that the ventral what pathway processes object recognition while the dorsal where system drives action in relation to an object (Goodale and Milner, 1992 Milner and Goodale, 1995, both cited Pike and Edgar, 2010). Thus a patie... ...In Kaye, H. (Ed,), Methods Companion (2nd ed., pp. 59-102). Milton Keynes The Open University.Patterson, K. And Plaut, D.C. (2009). alter Draughts Intoxicate the Brain Lessons from Cognitive Science for Cognitive Neuropsychology, Topics in Cognitive Science, vol. 1 (1), pp.39-58. Pike, G. and Edgar, G. (2010). Perception. In Kaye, H. (Ed,), Cognitive Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 63-104). Milton Keynes The Open University.Rutherford, A. (2010). Long-term memory encoding to retri eval. In Kaye, H. (Ed,), Cognitive Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 63-104). Milton Keynes The Open University.Wierenga, C.E., Maher, L.M., Moore, A., White, K.D., McGregor, K., Soltysik, D.A. and Crosson, B. (2006). Neural substrates of syntactic mapping treatment An fMRI study of deuce cases, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 12(1), pp.132-146.

The Public Market - Company Managers Should be Public Actors Rather than Private Agents :: Public Administration Economics

The Public Market - Company Managers Should be Public Actors sort of than Private AgentsABSTRACT The marketplace as an world enjoys widespread popularity today. Many economists hold that most of societys problems could be best solved by applying the market mechanism to them. Government, by contrast, is widely considered to be a problem rather than a solution. Some would like to see the authorities restructured along market lines so that policies would follow voter choice, as products follow that of consumers. Some, myself included, believe that a world in which all relationships are rendered matters of private choice would lack the prevalent happiness that comes from participation in public discourse and concerted action. In this paper I address what it would mean for the market to be truly public. A market that is truly public will discourage speculative investment so that managers of various firms can concentrate on the long term acceptable of creating a social institution th rough which the concerted efforts of various stakeholders are coordinated. In this way, stakeholders can enrich the world through their work. The market as an institution enjoys widespread popularity today. It is held by many economists, those of the Chicago School especially, that all social problems crime, education, health care, and discrimination are solvable by use of the market mechanism. (1) political sympathies and government, by contrast, are considered by many to be problems rather than solutions. Some today even seek public office precisely to prevent government from carrying on its functions, because they and their constituencies have lost faith in government and public life. These conservatives believe that privatizing government functions, by replacing public initiatives and agencies with private firms, will put in new freedom for people to act on market choices rather than to acquiesce in laws and administrative decisions reached through the political process. Oth ers would reconstitute government in a more market-like way, so that political deliberation and decision should follow from public choices as merchandisers follow the tastes and preferences of customers. For public choice theorists, as well, the public section of politics should be replaced by the private decisions of voters/consumers on the options presented them by their erstwhile leaders. (2) The public character of life is being lost. Our society is being structured by the choices of citizens concerned with themselves and their families and acquaintances, rather than with the larger public, which is increasingly but an aggregate of private persons anyway.

Essay --

They say it is better to be poor and happy than cryptical and miserable, but how about a compromise like moderately rich and moody? Princess DianaDiana Frances Spencer was born July 1, 1961 at Park House near Sandringham, Norfolk, United Kingdom. (Story) Diana was the unsaltedest of bottom Spencer and Frances Shand Kydds children. Elizabeth Sarah Lavinia, was born 1955, now known as Lady Sarah McCorquodale. Cynthia Jane, was born 1957, now Lady Fellowes. John, who died ten hours after birth in 1960, and Charles Edward Maurice, born 1964, soon the ninth Earl of Spencer. The family lived in Park House on the Sandringham estate. She was born into an aristocratic family with Royal blood in the ancestry. (Coggins) When Diana was age six the Spencers marriage cease in a divorce which resulted in a complicated custody battle. Her father, the eighth Earl of Spencer raised Diana. (Pettinger) He eventually remarried Raine, Countess of Dartmouth, novelist, Barbara Cartlands daughter. (Cog gins) Diana, along with the rest of her siblings didnt get along with her stepmother. Dianas mother eventually married Peter Shand-Kydd, becoming The Honorable Mrs. Frances Shand-Kydd. The couple went to live on the island of Seil, Scotland.Diana first attended a preparatory school in Riddlesworth Hall at Diss, Norfolk and a boarding school in West Heath Sevenoaks, Kent. (Story) Diana wasnt a particularly sweet student. She failed all of her O-levels twice and later dropped out at the age of sixteen. She had talents in music, dancing, and domestic science. (Story) She was eventually awarded maximum help to school and school peers. She finished her breeding at Institut Alpin Videmanette in Rougemont, Switzerland. (Story) After Diana left school, she mo... ...ning of Dianas death. In an unprecedented gesture, she announced the Union Jack would fly at half-mast at Buckingham Palace. It plainly took forty-five minutes for the Queen to completely reinvent her role in Dianas ending. S he went from being invisible, to being the very center of a large adieu drama to the kingdoms beloved Princess. She was very annoyed when the press reported her new approachability was perhaps the Diana effect. As brief as this young womans life had been here on this earth, she had managed to touch so many people. She brought changes to people lives for the better. Diana was indeed a Queen of the peoples police van Princess Diana, your heart of sympathy covers the length and breadth of the world. There shall come a time when the entire world will value you most sincerely, most fondly and most wholeheartedly. Sri Chinmoy (Pettinger)

Infertility Essay -- Health, Reproduction, Sperm Hyperactivation

Infertility is a significant and common task approximately 9% of couples throughout the adult male atomic number 18 infertile with 56% of couples needing treatment (Boivin et al, 2007). Study by Mike Hull demonstrated that spermatozoon dys extend is the single most common motility of male infertility (Hull, 1985). This observation has been confirmed by other studies with report that dysfunctional sperm may survive against entirely normal semen epitome and conversely normal sperm function with rattling poor samples (oligozoospermia) (3-4 in Cris paper). Without a clear understanding at cellular and molecular level of sperm dysfunction, the only effective treatment for these cases is assisted reproductive technology (ART). It is generally accepted that diagnostic and predictive economic value of conventional semen analysis is very poor in predicting sperm fertilising potential of infertile couples. As result of this, numerous studies on assessing the cells functional competenc y and diagnose sperm dysfunctions have been true over the last few years in an attempt to assess the predictive value of these tests for the outcome of in-vitro fertilisation. adept of the most important parameters of sperm function is hyperactivation. For fertilisation to occur, spermatozoa must undergo capacitation either in vivo (in the female reproductive share) or in vitro (in conditioned elaboration medium), which involves a sequence of membrane and metabolous changes, including transition of progressive motility to a highly irregular movement (hyperactivation). Hyperactivated motility is displayed by sperm travel in the oviduct and has several physiologic advantages, which could certainly help sperm to move effectively through different obstacles in the female reproductive tract e.g.... ...rtilisation rate was studied in nimble sperm samples that were surplus following treatment, to eliminate inter ejaculate-variation. The aims of this study were to examine (1) the inci dence of Ca2+ store failure among milling machinery fertile patients and its clinical significance in male infertility (2) the relationship between % hyperactivation and intracellular Ca2+ level in receipt to Ca2+ -store mobilising agents (3) if intracellular Ca2+ and HA are related to IVF success (4) if hyperactivation in response to Ca2+ -store mobilising agents is biomarker to differentiate between men with normozoospermic samples and patients with severe male factor infertility and (5) if impaired store mobilisation is perpetual problem in these patients or commute between ejaculates, this is achieved by recalling sub fertile patients with store malfunction to be examined further. Infertility Essay -- Health, Reproduction, Sperm HyperactivationInfertility is a significant and common problem approximately 9% of couples throughout the world are infertile with 56% of couples needing treatment (Boivin et al, 2007). Study by Mike Hull demonstrated that sperm dy sfunction is the single most common cause of male infertility (Hull, 1985). This observation has been confirmed by other studies with report that dysfunctional sperm may exist against entirely normal semen analysis and conversely normal sperm function with very poor samples (oligozoospermia) (3-4 in Cris paper). Without a clear understanding at cellular and molecular level of sperm dysfunction, the only effective treatment for these cases is assisted reproductive technology (ART). It is generally accepted that diagnostic and predictive value of conventional semen analysis is very poor in predicting sperm fertilising potential of infertile couples. As result of this, numerous studies on assessing the cells functional competence and diagnose sperm dysfunctions have been developed over the last few years in an attempt to assess the predictive value of these tests for the outcome of in-vitro fertilisation. One of the most important parameters of sperm function is hyperactivation. For fe rtilisation to occur, spermatozoa must undergo capacitation either in vivo (in the female reproductive tract) or in vitro (in conditioned culture medium), which involves a sequence of membrane and metabolic changes, including transition of progressive motility to a highly irregular movement (hyperactivation). Hyperactivated motility is displayed by sperm swimming in the oviduct and has several physiological advantages, which could certainly help sperm to move effectively through different obstacles in the female reproductive tract e.g.... ...rtilisation rate was studied in prepared sperm samples that were surplus following treatment, to eliminate inter ejaculate-variation. The aims of this study were to examine (1) the incidence of Ca2+ store failure among sub fertile patients and its clinical significance in male infertility (2) the relationship between % hyperactivation and intracellular Ca2+ level in response to Ca2+ -store mobilising agents (3) if intracellular Ca2+ and HA are related to IVF success (4) if hyperactivation in response to Ca2+ -store mobilising agents is biomarker to differentiate between men with normozoospermic samples and patients with severe male factor infertility and (5) if impaired store mobilisation is stable problem in these patients or vary between ejaculates, this is achieved by recalling sub fertile patients with store malfunction to be examined further.

Infertility Essay -- Health, Reproduction, Sperm Hyperactivation

Infertility is a significant and common problem approximately 9% of couples throughout the world are barren with 56% of couples needing treatment (Boivin et al, 2007). oerwhelmpret by Mike Hull demonstrated that spermatozoan dysfunction is the single most common cause of young-begetting(prenominal) infertility (Hull, 1985). This observation has been confirmed by other studies with report that dysfunctional sperm may exist against entirely normal semen analysis and conversely normal sperm function with real distressing samples (oligozoospermia) (3-4 in Cris paper). Without a clear understanding at cellular and molecular level of sperm dysfunction, the still effective treatment for these cases is assisted reproductive technology (ART). It is generally accepted that diagnostic and predictive value of conventional semen analysis is very poor in predicting sperm fertilising potential of infertile couples. As result of this, numerous studies on assessing the cells functional compe tence and diagnose sperm dysfunctions have been developed over the last few years in an attempt to assess the predictive value of these tests for the outcome of in-vitro impregnation. One of the most important parameters of sperm function is hyperactivation. For fertilisation to occur, spermatozoa must undergo capacitation either in vivo (in the female person person reproductive tract) or in vitro (in conditioned culture medium), which involves a sequence of membrane and metabolic changes, including regeneration of progressive motility to a extremely irregular movement (hyperactivation). Hyperactivated motility is displayed by sperm swimming in the oviduct and has several physiological advantages, which could certainly help sperm to move in effect through different obstacles in the female reproductive tract e.g.... ...rtilisation rate was studied in prepared sperm samples that were surplus following treatment, to eliminate inter ejaculate-variation. The aims of this study were to examine (1) the incidence of Ca2+ throw in failure among sub fertile patients and its clinical significance in male infertility (2) the relationship among % hyperactivation and intracellular Ca2+ level in response to Ca2+ -store mobilising agents (3) if intracellular Ca2+ and HA are related to IVF success (4) if hyperactivation in response to Ca2+ -store mobilising agents is biomarker to check between men with normozoospermic samples and patients with severe male factor infertility and (5) if impaired store mobilisation is stable problem in these patients or vary between ejaculates, this is achieved by recalling sub fertile patients with store malfunction to be examined further. Infertility Essay -- Health, Reproduction, Sperm HyperactivationInfertility is a significant and common problem approximately 9% of couples throughout the world are infertile with 56% of couples needing treatment (Boivin et al, 2007). Study by Mike Hull demonstrated that sperm dysfunct ion is the single most common cause of male infertility (Hull, 1985). This observation has been confirmed by other studies with report that dysfunctional sperm may exist against entirely normal semen analysis and conversely normal sperm function with very poor samples (oligozoospermia) (3-4 in Cris paper). Without a clear understanding at cellular and molecular level of sperm dysfunction, the only effective treatment for these cases is assisted reproductive technology (ART). It is generally accepted that diagnostic and predictive value of conventional semen analysis is very poor in predicting sperm fertilising potential of infertile couples. As result of this, numerous studies on assessing the cells functional competence and diagnose sperm dysfunctions have been developed over the last few years in an attempt to assess the predictive value of these tests for the outcome of in-vitro fertilisation. One of the most important parameters of sperm function is hyperactivation. For fertilis ation to occur, spermatozoa must undergo capacitation either in vivo (in the female reproductive tract) or in vitro (in conditioned culture medium), which involves a sequence of membrane and metabolic changes, including transition of progressive motility to a highly irregular movement (hyperactivation). Hyperactivated motility is displayed by sperm swimming in the oviduct and has several physiological advantages, which could certainly help sperm to move effectively through different obstacles in the female reproductive tract e.g.... ...rtilisation rate was studied in prepared sperm samples that were surplus following treatment, to eliminate inter ejaculate-variation. The aims of this study were to examine (1) the incidence of Ca2+ store failure among sub fertile patients and its clinical significance in male infertility (2) the relationship between % hyperactivation and intracellular Ca2+ level in response to Ca2+ -store mobilising agents (3) if intracellular Ca2+ and HA are relate d to IVF success (4) if hyperactivation in response to Ca2+ -store mobilising agents is biomarker to differentiate between men with normozoospermic samples and patients with severe male factor infertility and (5) if impaired store mobilisation is stable problem in these patients or vary between ejaculates, this is achieved by recalling sub fertile patients with store malfunction to be examined further.

5 Important School and Statutory Framework Essay

Thousands of Muslims were becoming followers of Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji. Khawaja Raushan was a very respected Muslim Faqir with thousands of people visiting him to pay him respect and get boons. However Khawaja Raushans own mind was restless, he was in search of a true Guru. Once a friend told him about Guru Ji, Khawaja Raushan reached Kiratpur and met Guru JI. When he heard Guru Jis he was so impressed that he decided to stay at Kiratpur. He became an admirer of Guru Sahib he started doing Seva of Guru Jis horses. One day Guru Ji went out for riding his horse, Khawaja Raushan ran behind Guru Ji in Bairag.See more(prenominal) Sleep Deprivation Problem Solution Speech EssayHe ran more than a mile after Guru Ji, who then dismounted his horse and embraced Khawaja Raushan with great love. Guru Ji then gave Khawaja Raushan Charan Amrit and Naam as well as spiritual Gian and sent him to Doaba to preach Sikhi.Khawaja Raushan was dismissal from one village to another for preaching Sikhi, o ne day he met Sayyad Jaani Shah who was wandering in search of bliss. Jaani Shah had met many Sadhus and Faqirs but could not get spiritual Gian from anyone. Khawaja Raushan told him he should go to Kiratpur to achieve your aim. Firstly Jaani Shah did not believe him but when Khawaja Raushan told his story he was determined to go. When he reached Kiratpur and sat in front of the doorway of Guru Jis house and cried loudly Janni Ko Jaani Milaa Do (Let Jaani meet his dear one ).

Introduction to 21st Fashion

Student name Peiji Zhou Student human action 10344206 Content page Lookbook and graze mental synthesis-P 3 deceive compositionP 7 Luxury brandP 9 Ethical FashionP 11 Footwear-P 13 side by side(p)-P 16 Marks & SpencerP 18 Jeffery watt- P 21 Tannery visit-P 23 ReferencesP 25 Lookbook and range buildingA lookbook is a accrual of photographs to show a mien, a model or a clothing line. It usually exists in modal value website and demeanor bloggers. lookbook is like a fashion portfolio or fashion diaries, Fashion bloggers update their fashion look constantly online. It sack up be a record for bloggers own fashion look and overly a record for new(prenominal) tribes looks such as a celebrity, politician or socialite, it can be described as artist portfolio. Nowa mean solar days, lookbook is common for stores and clothing causes to use it to show off products. They include photos of multiple types of clothes, shoes and some other accessories from a season or line.Examples of lo okbook LOOKBOOK. nu cognise as LB the largest online community which effected in 2008 dedicated to showcasing member-uploaded street style photography. Members post photos on LOOKBOOK. nu to document their evolving style or a collective gallery from other lookbolggers. Non-members can also draw their daily fashion style on LOOKBOOK. nu. The most popular looks will be displayed on the Hot page. LOOKBOOK. nu was created to bring unneurotic creative, interesting, and openminded fashion enthusiasts, and to democratically recognize the talents of real people slightly the world. (lookbook. nu 2011). In a sense, LOOKBOOK. nu is the worlds graduation exercise, truly editorless fashion magazine. Some lookbooks from fashion brand website (LOVE. COM) (HM. COM) Range building is usually mentioned with clothing line planning. They argon important commercial functions in the fashion industry. The functions include making a good range, taking into account customers, competitors, charge poin ts, fabrics, core degrees and seasonal specials. They atomic number 18 also a key function of fashion merchandiser who may consult with designers and buyers depending on the business operating building of a company.The original of all step of range building is to de boundine what clothes to manufacture. Ascertain if there is a market for your proposed product, and then be able to fix your specialty, both in line and price category. The market for clothes is as varied as the demographic segmentation of the population, it focuses on gender (girls, boys, woman, men. ) and age (baby clothes, gran clothes). Also, consider creating clothes for infants, large women and pregnant woman. Further, design clothes for a specific niche market such as for sports enthusiasts and athletes. (Golfing apparel, tennis outfits or swimwear).Shop report Shop report is one kind of report that introduces, describe and present stores and shopping opportunities in specific area. Firstly, a shop report should include a brief description of the area of choice and information about the local demographic. Provide detailed address, contact information and website, give direction that reader can recollect the shop. Secondly, it should explain what products the shop is change. Identify whether it is handbags, leather goods or shoes. For example, write a detailed description of the goods in terms of colour, design, themes.Further, outlining the prices of products for the shop is necessary, but it is non a list of every items. Give an approximation like shoes in this shop vary between $99$ergocalciferol. These three stairs are the base of shop report. A detailed shop report also provides a comparison of shops analyzed. Compare their selection of brands, designers, quality of garments, styles, prices and overall customer base. For example, eyepatch one shop may have a larger selection of clothing compared to other shops, the quality may be better in the stores with small selections.If possible, make a table of contents at the beginning of the report let reader find information quickly. This is a shop report of Kaight which is a fashion boutique in New York. It gives detailed information about the designers and introduction of the products. Another website which is GLLTN. COM has a few detailed shop reports about capital of the United Kingdom stores. Luxury brand Luxury can be described as the great comfort and extravagant living or an inessential, desirable item that is expensive or difficult to obtain. It is a specific tier of offer in almost any product or helper category.Luxury products are eternally being classical, special, fashionable, value. Being luxury products are usually due to their design, quality, branding exclusivity, durability or performance. Luxury goods plays a role of status symbols as it run to signify the power of purchase of people who can obtain them. In other words, luxury products are displaying wealth or income of their owners. The se kinds of goods are objects of conspicuous aspiration include handbags, shoes, cosmetics, jewelry, clothing, vehicle, perfume, watch, holiday, large residences.The recent global sales of luxury goods leather goods (33%), watchjewlry (30%), perfumeother (27%), apparel (10%). Luxury brand is a heritage global brand that is focused on exclusive fashion and luxury goods which is expensive and coveted by consumers. It is another market characteristic of luxury goods which is high gear profit margins as intumesce as prices, and very tightly controlled brands. For example, LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy) is the largest luxury good producer in the world with over 50 brands. In 2003, it make a profit of 2 billion on the sales of 12 billion.A few of luxury brands are classified as designer brand which is an established or rising major designer whose signature personality and associated with fashion. Such as Paul Smith, Vivienne Westwood, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Versace. There are som ewhat star designers like jakes Galliano who was head designer of French haute couture houses Givenchy in 1996 and Christian Dior now, and also his own self-titled fashion house. Karl Lagerfeld is a German fashion designer, artist and photographer. He is most notably as head designer and creative director for Chanel.John Paul Gaultier is a French haute couture fashion designer and the creative director of Hermes. Marc Jacobs who is an American fashion designer has been the creative director of the French design house Louis Vuitton since 1997. He won a number of awards and has his own brand called Marc Jacobs as well. Top 10 luxury markets are Japan, North American, London, France, China, Italy, Taiwan, German, Spain, Switzerland, and Brazil. Ethical Fashion Ethical in business is usually defined as doing no harm, take an active role in poverty reduction, sustainable livelihood creation and counteracting environmental concerns.Ethical Fashion is an umbrella term to describe ethical fashion design, production, retail, and purchasing. It covers a range of issues such as working conditions, exploitation, fair trade, sustainable production, the environment, and animal welfare. According to EFF. COM (2010), ethical fashion is an approach to the design, sourcing and manufacture of clothing which maximizes benefits to people while minimizing impact on the environment. The troika bottom lines of sustainability are social, environmental and commercial. A business or initiative is not ethical and sustainable unless the triple bottom line is integrated.Social Increasing the capability and wellbeing of the people and communities behind fashion. Any fashion business depends on the people behind it. In a broader context, poverty and exploitation of the human workforce behind fashion affects the stability of the industry itself. (EFF 2010) Environmental play some action to reducing the environmental impact of all business operations. Such as awareness raising , investmen t in and support of environmental initiatives. Commercial without a strong financial business structure, none of the above can be achieved and good intentions can backfire.Furthermore, a sustainable approach includes quality products or services that meet customers needs and are fairly marketed. The Ethical Fashion assembly has created a set of 10 criteria for ethical fashion 1. rejoindering fast, cheap fashion and damaging patterns of fashion consumption 2. Defending fair wages, working conditions and workers rights 3. Supporting sustainable livelihoods 4. Addressing toxic pesticide and chemical use 5. Using and /or developing eco- friendly fabrics and components 6. Minimizing water use. 7. Recycling and addressing energy efficiency and waste 8. Developing or promoting sustainability standards for fashion 9.Resources, training and/ or awareness raising initiatives 10. Animal rights Case about ethical fashion In Germany, a boom in sustainable fashion is expected these years. Altho ugh the market is becalm small, it is growing steadily. More than 200 fashion labels and 30concept stores are now dedicated to sustainability. Ethical fashion events are attracting an increasing number of visitors to Germany. Also, in October 2011, Universities in Germany opened first master degree course called Sustainability in fashion. Footwear Footwear is included in garments, it is apparel wear on the feet. Footwear is a key element of fashion and adornment.It has been designed to meet peoples real and perceived needs-protection, support, comfort, sturdiness, and stylishness. According to Drummond (2000), From over 15,000 years ago, there were some draws which made by Spanish cave show humans with animals skin or furs wrapped around their feet. So, shoes in some form or another have been existed for a ample time. From the sandal to modern athletic shoes, the evolution of footwear is marvels of engineering. Even today, footwear industries continue to developing and find new materials to cover our feet. Materials of footwear Leather PlasticRubber Textiles Wood Jute, Metal The Anatomy of a Shoe (footwearhistory. com) Breast the take care of the heel under the arch. Cap the toecap. Counter overlaid alternate at the back of the upper. Feather the part of the last and the shoe where the upper edge meets the sole. Insole a piece of leather or other material between the sole and the foot. Puff a light reinforcing inside the upper which gives the toe its shape and support. Quarter the part of the back of the upper, which covers the heel. Seat the concave part of the heel that fits into the shoe and into which the heel of the foot sits.Shank a piece of metal inserted between the sole and the insole lying against the arch of the foot. Sole the piece of leather or other material that comes in contact with the ground. Stiffener the inside stiffening of the upper, covering the heel and giving the back of the shoe support. Throat the reckon of the vamp. Top Piece the part of the heel that comes in contact with the ground. Topline the top edge of the upper. Upper the piece of the shoe that covers the foot. Vamp the part of the upper that covers the front of the foot as far as the back as the joint of the big toe.Waist the part of the last and the shoe that corresponds to the arch and instep of the foot. Famous brands of footwear NEXT The NEXT was founded in 1982 by J Hepworth. Their first store was carrying women fashion garments which include clothes, shoes and accessories. Nowadays, NEXT is the UK leading brand and owns more than 500 stores in the UK and 200 stores in oversea countries. Recent years, NEXT opened a few larger format fashion and home stores across the UK. The first combined fashion, home and garden store has been opened at Shoreham-by-sea in August 2011. It also means the product range of NEXT is wider than before.Its product range includes apparel of woman, men and children, homeware, electrical, grader accessories now. NE XT launched products for men in 1984, after 4 months there are 52 menswear stores. The home interiors was established in 1985 and childrenswear was added in 1987. then NEXT became a full-line lifestyle brand in a short time. The NEXT directory which is a new standard home shopping was launched in 1988. It is a seasonal catalogues of their products with fantastic photography. In 1999, NEXT became pioneer of online shopping as it created online version at www. Next. co. uk.Since 2011, NEXTs standard of delivery has became next day on most home shopping orders, about 80% customers is trading online. In 2001, NEXT flowers which is exchange plants, flowers, gift cards, winechampagne. In 2008, NEXT acquires the jr. womens fashion brand which is Lipsy. Recently, NEXT has been prescribed as official clothing and homewear supplier to the London 2012 Olympic Games. NEXT will supplies uniforms for 4,500 technical officials and suits for response staff and also home textiles for the athletes village. John Barton has drop dead the chairman of the board of NEXT Plc since 2006.He became a member of the board in 2002 and was appointed deputy chairman in 2004. Other board members are Lord Wolfson of Aspley Guise (Chief Executive), Christos Angelides (Group Product Director), David Keens (Group Finance Director), Andrew Varley (Group Property Director). Independent non-executive directors are Jonathan Dawson, Steve Barber, Christine Cross, Francis Salway. NEXT still continues to improve their customer service. In addition, NEXT has preparing has operations in Hong Kong, Sri Lanka and India and the UK engaged in the design, sourcing, buying, merchandising and quality control of NEXT products.Marks Spencer Marks Spencer is also known as MS which is a British leading retailer. MS started from a market stall in 1884 by Michael Marks and doubting Thomas Spencer in Leeds. Now, its retailer headquartered in the city of Westminster, London. MS owns over 700 stores in the UK and o ver 300 stores across more than 40 countries, over 78,000 people employed by MS in the UK and abroad. MS offer high quality fashion clothing and home products, as well as luxury sustenance products. When Michael Marks came to England from Slonim, he opened his first penny bazaar in Leeds.Michael wanted to look for a partner to benefactor his growing business. He reminded of Isaac Jowitt Dewhirst who lent money to Michael towards his start up costs. Isaac rejected Michaels request, but he recommended his cashier who was Tom Spencer. After Toms agreement, Marks Spencer was born on 28 September. In the next few years, Michael Marks and Tom Spencer opened market stalls in many locations around the North West of England and moved the original Leeds penny bazaar to Manchester. In 1901, Marks Spencer built a warehouse at Derby Street, Manchester.It is the first office and companys first registered address and it was also ready for having 145 stores by 1915. In 1920s, underwear first a ppeared in Marks Spencer, bra has become MS most iconic product. Flagship store was opened at London, Records and electrical household goods were started selling in 1930s. Further, a food department was introduced selling produce and canned foods in 1931. Cafe bar was introduced in 1935. In 1940s, MS created utility clothing, which could be brightly pattered but was very naive in design.The food technology department was established to collaborate with supplier and by 1942 it had created 82 Cafe bars in store. In 1950s, We were not kvetch when glamour came bouncing back. It was a time for looking forward. (MS) Fashion finally had the chance to rebel against the harsh conditions of the war years. A new style of dress was created base on the Corolle collection by Christian Dior. It also improved the fit of clothing, such as nylon stockings. In 1956, MS became the first retailer to introduce No Smoking rules in their stores.During 1960s, MS created a number of modern new items. Tigh ts were introduced to MS for the first time in 1962. New products made from the man-made fabric terylene which is a type of polyester, it was very popular because it was so practical and hardwearing. In order to sell fresh products to customers, MS invented the cold-chain process, to keep meat chilled and fresh. Therefore, MS was the first major British retailer to offer fresh, chilled chicken. .In the early 1970s, frozen food became more and more popular.MS developed our nation cuisine because it was the first major retailer selling Indian and Chinese meals. On the other hand, From the mid-1970s suppliers belatedly became more involved in design. (MS), the products were designed by Brian Godbold, and it leaded the fashion trends. First range of furniture was introduced in 1986. MS launched an online shopping service in 1999. The limited collection for woman was launched in 2003. MS announced the opening of the worlds largest M&S shop at Dubai Festival city in 2007. M&S opened its first mainland China shop in Shanghai in 2008.More than 125 years, Marks & Spencer never change their louver key principles Quality, Value, Service, Innovation and Trust. As well as, the five key principles is reflected by plan A that target climate change, waste, sustainable raw materials, fair partnerships and health. Jeffery West Jeffery West is a British shoes brand which created by Mark Jeffery and Guy West. Jeffery West began in 1983 when Mark Jeffery and Guy West decided to selling second-hand shoes which were reject products and samples from the shoe factory of Marks father. In 1987, the first Jeffery West shoe was designed.They were designing and selling their own shoes at markets in Northamptonshire and London, although they were just 16 years old. Jeffery West has earned a loyal following by unique, innovative designs and superior quality. Jeffery West produces mens shoes and mens accessories are suitable for the modern gentleman. Jeffery West shoes and Jeffery West boo ts merge both classic rich designs with modern edification and elegance (Mr-shoes. co. uk 2010) Jeffery West uses laborious techniques such as hand burnished uppers and Goodyear welted soles, to create edgy, luxurious shoes for the true modern dandy. (asos. co. uk. 2012) The companys post is to produce passionate designs consistently and high attention to detail and commitment to originality that make sure each shoe is special. While many footwear manufactures are cutting corners with mass production and produce the same trite designs, Jeffery West remains committed to hand-making, artful adornment and exclusive style. Jeffery West in Northampton. Tannery visit Tannery is the term for place where to whipstitching. tanning is the process of treating skins of animals and produce durable leather. Traditionally, Tanning used an acidic chemical compound called tannin.Coloring may occur during tanning. In addition, A tannery may be associated with a grindery, originally a whetstone fa cility for sharpening knives and other sharp tools, but later could carry shoemakers tools and materials for sale. (Possehl, Gregory L. 1996) Before tanning, the skins should be defresh that include unhaired, degreased, desalted and soaked in water about 6 hours to 48 hours. Tanning can be performed with either vegetable or mineral methods. Except drying, the steps of preparation are often more complex than the process of tanning and production of leather.Curing is the most first step of tanning. Preparing skins begins by curing them with salt, curing removes superfluous water from hides in a different osmotic pressure and usually done by preserving the hides at an extreme low temperature. Beamhouse operations are known as the steps in the production of leather between curing and tanning, which include soaking, liming, unhairing and scudding, deliming, bating, drenching, and picking. Vegetable tanning is a traditional method that uses tannin (an acidic chemical compound). Tannin is collected from bark and leaves of many plants. Tannins bind to the collagen proteins in the hide and coat them causing them to become less water-soluble, and more resistant to bacterial attack. (Fao. org 2005) Vegetable tanning causes the hide become more flexible so that vegetable tanned hide is used for luggage and furniture. The process of vegetable tanning takes a long time and it can take up to 60 days. Today, the process has been speeded up with chrome tanning (mineral tanning). Chrome tanning usually only taking up to 1 day and produces stretchable leather which is great for use in handbags and clothes. But chrome tanning is very bad for the environment.References Lookbook. com. (2011). lookbook. nu help. accessible http//lookbook. nu/help. Last accessed fifth whitethorn 2012 Fulbright J. (2012). Starting a Clothing Line Business . on hand(predicate) http//www. powerhomebiz. com/vol66/clothing. htm. Last accessed fifth May 2012. Glltn. com. (2006). LONDON SHOP REPORT. Avai lable http//glltn. com/london-shop-report/. Last accessed 5th May 2012 Heine K. (2011). The Concept of Luxury Brands . Available http//www. conceptofluxurybrands. com/. Last accessed 5th May 2012. Ethicalfashionforum. com. (2010). What is Ethical Fashion?. Available http//www. ethicalfashionforum. om/the-issues/ethical-fashion. Last accessed 5th Freitag A. (2012). Germanys green fashion market . Available http//source. ethicalfashionforum. com/article/germanys-green-fashion-market-. Last accessed 5th May 2012. Apma. org. (2012). Footwear. Available http//www. apma. org/MainMenu/Foot-Health/Brochures/Learn-About-Your-Feet/Footwear. aspx. Last accessed 5th May 2012. Footwearhistory. com. (2002). History of footwear. Available http//www. footwearhistory. com/index. shtml. Last accessed 5th May 2012. ShoeGuide. Org . (2006). a footwear encyclopedia. Available http//www. shoeguide. rg/. Last accessed 5th May 2012 Nextplc. co. uk. (2012). Business overview. Available http//www. nextplc. c o. uk/about-next/business-overview. aspx. Last accessed 5th May 2012 Marksandspencer. com. (2012). M&S historytimeline. Available http//www. marksintime. marksandspencer. com/ms-history/timeline/. Last accessed 5th May 2012. Marksandspencer. com. (2012). Company overview. Available http//corporate. marksandspencer. com/aboutus/company_overview. Last accessed 5th May 2012. Adams G. (2012). About Jeffery West. Available http//www. jeffery-west. co. uk/jefferywest/about. sp. Last accessed 5th May 2012 freewebs. com. (2006). Tannery . Available http//www. freewebs. com/whitwellhall/tanneryhistory. htm. Last accessed 5th May 2012 fao. org. (2010). TANNERIES. Available http//www. fao. org/WAIRDOCS/LEAD/X6114E/x6114e05. htmTopOfPage. Last accessed 5th May 2012 squidoo. com. (2011). Chrome VS Vegetable Tanned Leather . Available http//www. squidoo. com/chrome-versus-vegetable-tanned-leather. Last accessed 5th May 2012 Possehl, Gregory L. (1996). Mehrgarh in Oxford Companion to Archaeology, emended by Brian Fagan. Oxford University Press Images from

Skinner and The Behavioral Revolution in the Field of Psychology

Burrhus F. skinner, a graduate of Harvard, earned a prominent theme for his revolutionary practices of radical expressionism in the field of psychology. Skinners seek, theories and worldview concerning behaviorism continue to contribute to the science and study of psychology well into in advance(p) times. One important contribution revolves around the type of search that Skinner performed, including his well cognize experiments with the Skinner Box. Like Pavlov, Skinners research experiments created verifiable techniques for psychologists to visibly observe behavioral changes in a subject that originate from environmental factors.These observations, along with others, led Skinner to develop the influential theory known as operant conditioning. Unlike previous psychological theories, operant conditioning emphasizes the process by which environmental situations effect a subjects behavior (Friedman & Schustack, 2003). Also through his experiments and observations, Skinner deve loped the idea of shaping behavior or in other words creating a series of intricate behaviors in the subject that would otherwise not naturally occur.The proposal of operant conditioning and behavior shaping would eventually lead to the development of behavior modification often consumptiond by the cognitive-behavioral therapy of today. Skinners worldview, which denounced the importance of the psychological traits of the id, ego, and superego proposed by Freud, led to a revolution in the field of psychology which began turning studies outdoor(a) from invisible characteristics within a subject. His theories and worldview quite turned attention towards the more observable responses a subject develops towards their environment.A summary of the impact that Skinners formulate has had on the field of psychology concludes that it encourages those in the field of psychology today to pursue a more scientific outlook, as well as jimmy the environmental impacts on subjects psychological development. B. F. Skinner and The Behavioral Revolution in the Field of Psychology Behavioral Psychology, as well as the general field of psychology, owes much of its progress to the research, influence and works of B. F. Skinner.Previous to Skinners appearance in the realm of psychology in 1931, most theories had wholesome ties to psychoanalytic schools of horizon and very little, if whatever, empirical research to support their claims. Skinner, however, would not accept that such intangible things as consciousness, or archetypes existed. These things Freud , along with other psychoanalysts, adamantly spoke about but could not prove. Instead, Skinner believed that the so called personality included nothing more than a compilation of learned responses ( i. e. behaviors) encouraged by the environment (Friedman & Schustack, 2003).Inspired by Pavlov and Thorndike, Skinner set out to discover his own theories of behavior and the popular philosophy of operant conditioning which per meates the field of psychology today. Hence, the pursual information further explores how the works of this influential man, including his research methods, theories and personal worldview contributed to the growing field of psychology today. Through his sometimes controversial, but rigorously scientific research methods, Skinner has encouraged the field of psychology to operate more empirically.As an advocate of the behavioral movement, he believed that seeable and testable conditions provided more valuable explanations than the supposed inner traits of psychoanalytic theories. No one knew that theses traits ever truly existed. Skinner created a vast number of experiments that utilized animals such as pigeons and rats to demonstrate that behavior can then result from containled or operant conditioning. Through positive and negative reinforcement and control over the environment he produced behaviors in his subjects that would otherwise serve no purpose in the natural world.His i ntended goal, and an important psychological revelation, of this behavior modification was to explain behavior as a response to the environment, not as a personal instinct or due to some internal physiological undertaking (Friedman & Schustack, 2003). Skinner successfully reached his goal and developed an important concept that added onto Pavlovs discoveries of behavior. He proposed that the behavioral responses of each individual has an influence on the environment, and if the environment produces a reward for those particular responses, then they are more in all probability to reoccur (Friedman & Schustack, 2003).Skinner believed that hold uping the theory of operant conditioning to such personality traits as extroversion would prove that extroverts were not naturally prone to act as such, but instead learned their behavior because they were rewarded by the environment for their outgoing social actions. Consequently, the success of his experiments including those done with the Skinner box challenged the popular theories put forth by Freud that explained wherefore humans be experience in certain ways. Freud had no means in which to scientifically prove that people are driven to act by their id, ego, and superego.Skinner, on the other hand, had ample evidence to support that behaviors can be learned, altered, and even go extinct without adequate reinforcement from the environment. The resulting disparity between the two schools of thought initiated a strong motive for psychology as a whole to seek scientific evidence to prove proposed theories. As an example of this, Friedman and Schustack (2003) explain in their book, Personality Classic Theories and Modern Research, Behaviorist and learning approaches have forced the field of personality to be much more experimental in its research and rigorous in its concepts than it otherwise would have been. Personality was not the only branch of psychology affected, experimental psychology contributes much of the dat a it has available to Skinners scientific methods. Kantowitz, Roediger and Elmes (2001) state that, The operant conditioning research designs are representative of the powerful research techniques developed by Skinner and his followers. Careful control has provided an enormously valuable database for psychology. These are except two of dozens of examples that conclude Skinners research methods contributed to the empirical outlook and progress of psychology.Similarly, Skinners theories have furnished the field of psychology with many valuable tools to patron explain, determine and to some extent, manage behavior. Operant conditioning, the process by which an experimenter can apply positive or negative reinforcers to obtain a desired behavior, spurred vast developments in the field of cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is because, the theory places its emphasis on the function of the behavior (what it does), earlier than on the structure of personality (Friedman & Schustack 2003) .Skinners method of shaping has also created systematic techniques to encourage desired behavior. Each of these theories created a foundation for researchers to observe and understand that behaviors arise from, and are encouraged by, certain environmental causes. In addition, by dread the behavioral response process, therapists and researchers in the field of psychology can use the theories beneficially as tools to help adjust various unwanted responses in their clients and subjects.For example, in specific instances of abnormal behavior, operant conditioning and shaping may help an individual overcome their perceived obstacles. To behaviorists such as Skinner, abnormal behaviors arise when individuals have not learned a correct response to their environment, or were strengthened for their improper behaviors. The behavioral treatment of such established abnormalities employs a combination of Skinners methods (of shaping and conditioning) that will help the client to unlearn dysfu nctional behaviors and reinforce correct responses (Halgin and Whitbourne, 2003).In addition, Skinners worldview contributed to the field of psychology by revealing the complex interaction between the environment and the perceptions of an individual. This revelation broadened psychological understanding of our control over such things as emotions, behaviors and personal perception. Unlike psychoanalysts, who believed that our thoughts and actions were predestined by our subconscious instincts and drives, Skinner proved that what drives us most often comes from reinforcements from our environment.Friedman and Schustack (2003) propound readers that, although Freud believed that horrible human problems could be traced to id forces and the death instinct, and although many biological psychologists believe there is an evolved aggressive drive, Skinner believed that most such problems including war and crime- are just human behaviors that can be shaped through learning. The authors go on to clarify that Skinner believed trying to explain internal causes simply confounded any study and obscured important information about the real motivation of behavior, the perceived reinforcement from the environment.Finally, the information provided hopefully allows one to conclude that B. F. Skinners, research methods, theories and worldview have created a lasting impact that affects and contributes to the current field of psychology. Many useful developments have come forth as a result of Skinners work including some of the techniques in modern day cognitive-behavioral therapy. Also due to Skinners methods, the of psychology as a whole now leans towards empirical research to prove the integrity of theory. This important contribution allows psychology to scientifically test and strengthen its explorations into the human psyche.References DAndrea, M. , Ivey, A. , Ivey, M. B. , & Simek-Morgan, L. (2002). Theories of Counseling and Psychology A multicultural Perspective 5th Editi on. New York Allyn & Bacon. Elmes, D. G. , Kantowitz, B. , Roediger, H. L. (2001). Experimental Psychology 7th Edition. U. S. Wadsworth Thomas Learning. Friedman, H. S. , Schustack, M. W. (2003). Personality Classic Theories and Modern Research. New York Allyn & Bacon. Halgin, R. P. , Whitbourne, S. K. (2003). Abnormal Psychology Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders 4th Edition. New York McGraw-Hill.

Hunting life Essay

Through out(a) the pastoral poem, there are several different symbols. The symbols I used were deer, visions and fear. The deer symbolizes a trophy. I used it as a trophy because if you get your winning deer then that means you have gotten out of this small town and moved onto bigger and better things. some other symbol was dreams because the only way to be able to follow your dreams is to actually be successful and get away from the town/area that is holding you back. Last, I used fear because you get scared to actually bring forth control of your future and to take controlof your dreams to get away and be successful in life without being judged or held back.These symbols were used throughout the entire pastoral poem and relate to real life. Death and Mourning The theme that was used in my pastoral poem was death and mourning. Death is used by the symbolization of the deer. Even though the deer did not physically die, it shows the death of getting out of town. Being in this small town shows that you cannot go out and see what you want to see or pursue your dreams because you are stuck.This is causing you to die on the inside. Mourning is incorporated into this pastoral poem by dreading not killing the deer. This is because if you would have just killed it you would be out of this town but now you sincerely are stuck until you kill it. Death and mourning is shown throughout this pastoral poem as the theme. Grove 2 Hunting Life Silence all round deep in the woods. Isolated for the good sitting in my tree stand, Up in the tree stand waiting for my deer,But after several geezerhood I am beginning to fear.Aside from the fear, the fear of not getting my deer, I venture roughly life and embrace silence, While dreaming about succeeding as I breathe in the cool air. As I sit in my tree stand I finally think I hear a deer. Slowly I raise the gun to my chin, getting him centered in my sight. That kill shot is right there. I cannot economic aid but to grin becaus e I have been waiting so long. Waiting so long in my tree stand for my deer. So I take a deep breath, let it out and squeeze.Adrenaline has now gotten the best of me. Shaking, thinking and hoping to please, And then I see the monster is instantly down. I drop down my stand, run to his side and kneel in the blood, He is my 10 point prize. But then I realize this is just a dream, The dream of actually getting anywhere. Grove 3 In this town you can only dream, Dream of succeeding and getting away from this life. Silence is always the key, sustentation quiet, breathe in the cool air and maybe you will get your prized deer.

In What Way Is Hamlet Relevant in Our World Today? Essay

In that head, the word Hamlet is not underlined because the play itself is not nearly as relevant as a whole as Hamlet the person is. The play is full of allusions, jokes, and implications that is difficult for a modern audience to pick up on and understand their entailment to the overall work. After all, Shakespeare wrote this as a performance piece that was to help pay the bills as much as it was to be a work of art. This is in no way to suggest that Shakespeare was just trying to make a quick buck and did not say anything profound through his play. This is to merely clear that exactly how the events happen and the minor details and nuances of their telling are less important than the character of Hamlet himself.Hamlets growth in his realize and philosophy ab emerge life is the most significant aspect of this work. Hamlet is facing what any new-fashioned person faces. True, not everyone loses his father via murder, has a set out that remarries his fathers murderer, murders t heir ex-girlfriends father shortly before she herself dies (commits suicide?), kills his girlfriends brother, and murders his stepfather as he dies of poisoned drink and blade both. In fact, those events in isolation arent particularly common, merely to have even two or three in conjunction is more than unfortunate, and all of them to fall on a single young man is d admitright unfair to say the least. Even before he discovers his fathers death is murder by Claudius, he utterances, How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable/Seem to me all the uses of this world, indicating how he already feels at a loss for what to do with himself.This is just later on hes been told he wont be able to return to college as hed planned to do. Young people today hush up have their future plans disrupted by tragedy whether it is personal, such is the case with Hamlet, or financial in nature. As the play moves on, Hamlet meets the Ghost, Ophelia stops disquisition with him, and his madness (?) begins. T he scene Ophelia describes to Polonius in which Hamlet enters her sewing room disheveled, And with a look so piteous in purport/As if he had been loosed out of hell/To speak of horrors,he get along withs before me., is overlooked as only important to evidencing Hamlets madness.In fact, it is quite the contrary. This is a moment in which Hamlet, though saying nothing, portrays through his body language all the anguish he feels in his dilemma. At this point, he is aware of his options Avenge his fathers death and face the consequences, or accept his lot in life and make the best of it with Ophelia, the woman he loves. To be torn between rocking the boat, sticky it to the Man, and risking everything, or just living on your knees as best you can is an agonizing and contemporary decision that people of any age, but especially young people face daily. Hamlet goes on to explore a far more morbid option, which sadly some teens choose.To be, or not to be that is the question/Whether tis no bler in the mind to suffer/The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,/And by opposing end them? The suicide he muses close is twofold. There is the physical act of suicide, but also the suicide of a long, unsatisfying, unfulfilled life. This is the premier time he voices it explicitly, but the theme has been building since his first remark on the unprofitability of this world. As with most youths, he comes to decide in favor of life, if for no more reason than the fear of an unknown, possibly worse, or worse, possibly nonexistent afterlife.The morbidity of Hamlets musing increase appropriately as he lounges about unrecognized as Ophelias wicked is being dug. Imperious Caesar, dead and turnd to clay,/Might stop a hole to keep the wind away/O, that that earth, which kept the world in awe,/Should patch a wall to expel the winter flaw The best of us are little more than dirt and a name after death. Whether its the scenery or all the death Hamlet is cognizant or even responsible for, hes moved from his own fatality rate and fragility to the general statement about humankind. This sort of realization is still very much a part of maturing and growing as an imperfect person in an imperfect world today.The final stage in Hamlets philosophical growth is evidenced as complete by his remark to Horatio before his (supposedly sporting) duel with Laertes. If it be now, tis not to come/if it be not to come, it will be now/if it be not now, yet it will come/the readiness is all/since no man has aught of what he leaves, what ist to leave betimes? This sort of Zen-like acceptance of what his life has meant and been up until this point, and the directions available to him support him to prevail, even though he dies, in his mission to purge the Danish court of the rottenness (Claudius, whom his father is contrasted with) Marcellus mentions in Act One.In the end, Hamlet becomes his own man, and if descriptions of his father are anyt hing to go by, a man of whom his father would be proud. He refuses to compromise with the appearances of his world and instead opts to face the hard realities. It costs him his life, but it also made his life worth living, down to when he drinks the rest of the poison so that Horatio will not.In doing so, he both implicitly and explicitly charges Horatios life with a purpose, If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart/Absent thee from felicity awhile,/And in this harsh world draw thy snorkel in pain,/To tell my story.. Even though his life ended prematurely, he died fulfilled. Throughout the play, his comprehension of his world and his influence grows, and he makes an inspiring, albeit tragic, change for the better. Hamlets life, minus the woeful details, are a highly relevant portrayal of the philosophical growth of youths yesterday, today, and near certainly tomorrow.

Positive Behavior Interventions

Positive demeanor Interventions Managing schoolroom style is one of the toils most challenging for actualised teachers and even more or less veteran teachers. A national survey revealed that 20% of first- family teachers did not feel adequately prepared to maintain order and domain in their classroom (Faul, Stepensky & Simonsen, 2011). I struggle with controlling individuals behavior that interrupts the other pupils defrauding. A research was designed to show how a specific management dodging helped decrease contrary behavior and increase appropriate behavior.The research combined with my experience in the classroom helped me come to the conclusion of how to promote positive behavior. The look at was looking at the effects of teachers ca do appropriate behavior on the off task behavior of two middle domesticate students. Prompts are apply as reminders and they passel be communicative, visual, gestural, and physical but they should be specific and frequent for them to be effective. The study took place in an urban middle school with 1000 students across grades 5-8.The two participants in the study was Owen, an 11 year old virile in the fifth grade and Tom, a 12 year old male in sixth grade. They were in general education classes and both were pedantically able to complete the work when not engaging in off task behaviors. Their off task behaviors included getting out of their seat, talking out, making disruptive noises, and talking to peers. Data was collected in the classes where conundrum behaviors were most possible to occur for each student.The dependent variable in the research was direct observation to document students on-and off-task behavior and the independent variable is the verbal prompt turn to to each student. The verbal prompt was given only one time at the beginning of class and was alternated e real other twenty-four hours and it was Be respectful, be responsible, and have pride. Do your best The results showed that bot h students absorbd in less off-task behavior when they were prompted than when they were not.The teachers also commented that they saw an improvement in academic performance during classes when the student was prompted. They believed that hypnotism increases appropriate behavior and decreases inappropriate behavior. This study shows that prompting is a simple and effective strategy that may be use successfully with students who engage in off-task behavior in a general education classroom setting. I would use prompting in my classroom because prompting requires minimal preparation and effort to implement so it would be an ideal strategy for me to use for managing student behavior.In my classroom now I have more behavior problems in my last period class. They testament talk over me and disrupt me when I was giving directions or trying to explain something to the class. One daytime I immovable to use prompting and I did it at the beginning of class and at the end of class by sa ying Today we will not be disruptive and we will be respectful and raise our hands if we have a comment or question I was very surprised to see how much this improved classroom behavior as a whole.The students then were able to be on task and actual learn more when they were not disruptive. In conclusion, prompting is shown to increase appropriate behavior and decrease inappropriate behavior. Prompts can be effective even in diametric settings and not fair in the classroom. The article stated that prompts delivered over the phone to encourage people to exercise where effective at increasing exercise behavior (Faul, Stepensky & Simonsen, 2011).Prompting should be apply inside and outside the classroom to improve positive behaviors. Classroom management can become much easier for first year teachers if they use the strategy of prompting combined with other strategies. Reference Faul, A. , Stepensky, K. , & Simonsen, B. (2011). The effects of prompting appropriate behavior on the off -task behavior of two middle school students. journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 14(1), 47-55. doi 10. 1177/1098300711410702Positive Behavior InterventionsPositive Behavior Interventions Managing classroom behavior is one of the tasks most challenging for beginning teachers and even some veteran teachers. A national survey revealed that 20% of first- year teachers did not feel adequately prepared to maintain order and discipline in their classroom (Faul, Stepensky & Simonsen, 2011). I struggle with controlling individuals behavior that interrupts the other students learning. A research was designed to show how a specific management strategy helped decrease inappropriate behavior and increase appropriate behavior.The research combined with my experience in the classroom helped me come to the conclusion of how to promote positive behavior. The study was looking at the effects of teachers prompting appropriate behavior on the off task behavior of two middle school students. Pr ompts are used as reminders and they can be verbal, visual, gestural, and physical but they should be specific and frequent for them to be effective. The study took place in an urban middle school with 1000 students across grades 5-8.The two participants in the study was Owen, an 11 year old male in the fifth grade and Tom, a 12 year old male in sixth grade. They were in general education classes and both were academically able to complete the work when not engaging in off task behaviors. Their off task behaviors included getting out of their seat, talking out, making disruptive noises, and talking to peers. Data was collected in the classes where problem behaviors were most likely to occur for each student.The dependent variable in the research was direct observation to document students on-and off-task behavior and the independent variable is the verbal prompt addressed to each student. The verbal prompt was given only one time at the beginning of class and was alternated every ot her day and it was Be respectful, be responsible, and have pride. Do your best The results showed that both students engaged in less off-task behavior when they were prompted than when they were not.The teachers also commented that they saw an improvement in academic performance during classes when the student was prompted. They believed that prompting increases appropriate behavior and decreases inappropriate behavior. This study shows that prompting is a simple and effective strategy that may be implemented successfully with students who engage in off-task behavior in a general education classroom setting. I would use prompting in my classroom because prompting requires minimal training and effort to implement so it would be an ideal strategy for me to use for managing student behavior.In my classroom now I have many behavior problems in my last period class. They will talk over me and disrupt me when I was giving directions or trying to explain something to the class. One day I decided to use prompting and I did it at the beginning of class and at the end of class by saying Today we will not be disruptive and we will be respectful and raise our hands if we have a comment or question I was very surprised to see how much this improved classroom behavior as a whole.The students then were able to be on task and actual learn more when they were not disruptive. In conclusion, prompting is shown to increase appropriate behavior and decrease inappropriate behavior. Prompts can be effective even in different settings and not just in the classroom. The article stated that prompts delivered over the phone to encourage people to exercise where effective at increasing exercise behavior (Faul, Stepensky & Simonsen, 2011).Prompting should be used inside and outside the classroom to improve positive behaviors. Classroom management can become much easier for first year teachers if they use the strategy of prompting combined with other strategies. Reference Faul, A. , Stepe nsky, K. , & Simonsen, B. (2011). The effects of prompting appropriate behavior on the off-task behavior of two middle school students. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 14(1), 47-55. doi 10. 1177/1098300711410702

Management Yesterday and Today

8th edition Steven P. harles Renard C Robbins Mary Coulter LEARNING OUTLINE Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. o? Historical Background of Management ? scientific Management o? General Administrative Theorists o? Quantitative Approach to Management ? Toward Understanding organisational carriage o? The establishments Approach o? The Contingency Approach 22 Historical Background of Management ? Ancient Management O Egypt (pyramids) and China (Great Wall) O Venetians (floating warship assembly lines) ? Adam Smith O Published The Wealth of Nations in 1776 v Advocated he division of labor (job specialization) to increase the productivity of workers ? industrial Revolution O Substituted machine power for human labor O Created large organizations in need of management 23 Development of major Management Theories Exhibit 2. 1 24 Major Approaches to Management ? Scientific Management ? General Administrative Theory ? Quantitative Management ? Organizational Beh avior ? Systems Approach ? Contingency Approach ? 25 Scientific Management ? Fredrick Winslow Taylor O The father of scientific management O Published Principles of Scientific Management (1911) vAssociated essay Scientific Management Theory in HealthcareThe theory of scientific management ? Using scientific methods to define the one scoop up way for a job to be done ? Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment. ? Having a standardized method of doing the job. ? Providing an sparing incentive to the worker. 26 Taylors Four Principles of Management 1.? Develop a science for each element of an individuals work, which will substitute the old rule-of-thumb method. 2.? Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker. 3.? Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done n ossification with the principles of the science that has been developed. 4.? Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Exhibit 2. 2 27 Scientific Management (contd) ? postmark and Lillian Gilbreth O Focused on increasing worker productivity through the reduction of wasted motion O Developed the microchronometer to time worker motions and perfect performance ? How Do Todays Managers Use Scientific Management? O Use time and motion studies to increase productivity O pursue the best qualified employees O Design incentive systems based on output 28General Administrative Theorists ? Henri Fayol O Believed that the practice of management was distinct from otherwise organizational functions O Developed fourteen principles of management that applied to all organizational situations ? Max Weber O Developed a theory of potency based on an ideal type of organization (bureaucracy) v Emphasized rationality, predictability, impersonality, technical competence, and authoritarianism 29 Fayols 14 Principles of Management 1.? percentage of work. 7.? Remuneration. 2.? Authority. 8.? Centralization. 3.? Discipline. 9.? Scalar chain. 4.? Unity of command. 10.? Order. 5.?Unity of direction. 11.? Equity. 6.? Subordination of individual interest to the interests of the organization. 12.? Stability of tenure of personnel. 13.? Initiative. 14.? Esprit de corps. Exhibit 2. 3 210 Webers specimen Bureaucracy Exhibit 2. 4 211 Quantitative Approach to Management ? Quantitative Approach O Also called operations research or management science O Evolved from mathematical and statistical methods developed to solve WWII military logistics and quality control problems O Focuses on improving managerial finality making by applying v Statistics, optimization models, information models, and omputer simulations 212 Understanding Organizational Behavior ? Organizational Behavior (OB) O The study of the actions of great deal at work people are the most important asset of an organization ? Early OB Advocates O Robert Owen O Hugo Munsterberg O Mary Parker Follett O Chester Barnard 213 Early Advocates of OB Exhibit 2. 5 214 The Hawthorne Studies ? A series of productivity experiments conducted at Western Electric from 1927 to 1932. ? experimental findings O Productivity unexpectedly increased under imposed adverse working conditions. O The effect of incentive plans was less than expected. ? Research conclusion O Social norms, group standards and attitudes more strongly influence individual output and work behavior than do monetary incentives. 215 The Systems Approach ? System Defined O A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole. ? Basic Types of Systems O Closed systems v Are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment (all system input and output is internal). O Open systems v Dynamically interact to their environments by taking in inputs and transforming them into outputs that are istributed into their environments. 216 The Organization as an Open System Exhibit 2. 6 217 The Contingency Approach ? Conting ency Approach Defined O Also sometimes called the situational approach. O There is no one universally applicable set of management principles (rules) by which to manage organizations. O Organizations are individually different, face different situations (contingency variables), and require different ways of managing. 218 touristed Contingency Variables ? Organization size ? Routineness of task technology ? Environmental uncertainty ? Individual differences Exhibit 2. 7 219

Malnutrition in Children Essay

Malnutrition in children is one of the some weighty brotherly and health trouble that face the unseasoned children in the modern world. Whether it is in the authentic world or the under demonstrable world, nutrition among the children has evolved to be a very important issue. Todays children atomic exit 18 faced with numerous physical, emotional, mental, spiritual and health challenges referable to malnutrition. While a child in a inadequate neighborhood in Africa is sleeping hungry, a child in a middle physical embody neighborhood in the United States is over indulging in rheumatic toss victualss.Malnutrition is therefore an important social and health problem in all parts of the world. There is however a misconception that malnutrition in children only affects children in poor society where there is wide spread hanger, just this is no nightlong true. The over indulgence of carbuncular junk foods which argon deficient in all important(p) nutrients such as vitam in, poor living corresponds, malabsorption and inadequate access to nutritionary precept and information on healthy alimentation argon some of the many factors that force p bents to make wrongfulness choices in the forest of food they inspection and repair their children.Consequently, the number of children deplorable from nutritionary deficiency and related health complication such as obesity, poor growth and development and diseases has increased significantly. It is the role of the government through the relevant agencies and department to experience nutritional education through a kingdomal education strategy to ensure that the general public is hale informed on the good eat habits as well as the consequences of malnutrition peculiarly in untried children (Dalton, 2005). Causes of Malnutrition in childrenMalnutrition is an important health problem in children overdue to its impacts on their growth and development. It is a condition that results from deficiency of essential nutrients such as vitamins, mineral salts and protein among others which be needed for the maintenance of health body functioning. Malnutrition can either occur as a result of under or over regimen of a child with particular nutrients. Therefore majority of children suffer from malnutrition in the demonstrable world directly because of dietary imbalance rather than the deficiency of nutrient as it is car park in the under developed world.Malnutrition can be caused by several factors which include poor diet and overleap of adequate education on health eating habits. a) Diet One of the major causes of nutritional imbalance among children is the diet. both parents turn their children directly or indirectly into improper selection of food or the modern society has over indulged in junk foods. Due to numerous promotions and advertisements in the troop media, children find fast foods more desirable.These may be snacked crisps, parked cakes and biscuit and other ready t o eat meals. These fast foods postulate poor quality nutrients and ingredients which are manufactured to look special using large amount of fats and sugars, artificial preservative and additives which relieve oneself disconfirming effects on the individuals health. There is no doubt that jack foods are processed food, ready to eat. These foods pass through the factories where the essential goodness of natural foods is removed and replaced with artificial additives and sweeteners.It is fire to note that despite these fast foods having a long list of additives and preservatives on their labels in the name of ingredients, parents continues feeding their children in these foods. Moreover, many of the ingredients in junk foods such as fats, sugars, salts and additives are unhealthy to the children. The short shape and long-term of such ingredients are well known. Junk foods are to a fault deficient in essential dietary components such as fiber, minerals and vitamins which are very e ssential in growth and development in children.The dietary imbalance in children as a result of junk food is very takings in the American society today (French, et al, 2001). It is important to note that one of the major causes of malnutrition in children is the choices of foods. Either knowingly or unknowingly, parents buy their children junk foods which are deficient in essential nutrients but father tall level of unhealthy ingredients. There are several reasons that make individuals to make bad choices of foods. It is as well as important to note that the parent may not feed his children on junk food but end up preparing food that is unhealthy to the child due to bad choices.In many cases, curiously in the underdeveloped world, parents may be forced by circumstances to make wrong choices for the foods they burst their children. Poverty and food insecurity in some poor countries leaves parents with very limited choices of food resulting into malnutrition in children. Food pr ices in the developed world may also force poor parents to make wrong choices of foods. However, the most important factor that determines the food choice parent give to their children is the level of education and the nutritional information held by the parent (Hills, et al, 2007).b) Education Research indicates that many children are malnourished not because of inaccessibility of food and essential dietary components but because of the information held by parents and guardians. People who have the responsibility of providing their children with food have very little or no information on the quality of food they are expected to give their children. For example, the food and agricultural organization has argued that about 80 percent of malnourished individuals especially children live in areas around the world that have sufficient food supplies.Although poverty and food prices are also important factors, the level of information on implications of unhealthy eating habits is an impor tant factor. In the American society, children are not malnourished because of inadequate food supplies but because of the choices of food. Children in America and other developed countries are increasingly becoming obese due uptake of unhealthy foods. There are no proper mechanisms of educating parents on health eating habits in children which as resulted into the society relying in misinformation from promotions and advertisements in the bulk media.For example, inadequate breast feeding in infants is one of the major causes of nutritional imbalance in new-fangled children. Although there are many factors that contribute to poor breastfeeding such as changing lifestyles and job demands, deficiency of education on its importance on the health of the child id the most important factor (Hills, et al, 2007). set up of Malnutrition in Children a) Obesity Over the years, obesity in children in the American society has reached epidemic levels. The percentage of children suffering fro m obesity in the American society has risen from below five percent in 1960s to over twenty percent today.Obesity has evolved from a condition that was in the past common among the rich families to a problem in the entire society. The number of children from poor families and middle class families suffering from obesity has increased significantly. Due to the increased prevalence of obesity among the young population, it has been rated as one of the most important health concern (Peter, 2005). The principle cause of obesity in children is unhealthy eating habits. new(prenominal) factors may include genetic makeup, medical and psychological factors as well as lifestyles.The parents eating habits has been considered to be the biggest influence that play a significant role in the development of obesity in young people. Consequently, over weight parents have over weight children not because of genetic makeup but due to poor eating habits. Doctors have confirmed that the parents are not feeding their children with the right food which resulting into nutritional imbalance. The increased dependence on junk food as well as sedentary lifestyles pick out in the western world where children have not time for physical exercise has created a nation where a third of the children are over weight.This may be a time bomb since this creates a generation that will be faced with numerous health complications such as diabetes, high downslope cholesterol and heart diseases (Dietz, 1998). b) Diseases Inadequate supply of essential dietary nutrients to the body in children is exhibited in miscellaneous forms of diseases and disorders. It is important to note that the world health organization maintains that malnutrition and related complications is the most important health problem facing children in the world being the largest cause of child mortality globally, either directly or indirectly.Majority of malnutrition diseases are caused by lack or inadequate supply of essential nu trients. These diseases include marasmus, kwashiorkor, anemia and hyponatremia to mention but a few. Marasmus is caused by calories deficient, kwashiorkor by acute protein deficient, anemia by lack of compact and hyponatremia by lack of sodium. These deficient diseases are more common in the developing world due to widespread poverty and food insecurity. There are other numerous diseases that are caused by lack of essential vitamins and minerals.Other disorders that have been associated with poor eating habits includes eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia, stress disorders and depression, risk of drug abuse, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, type 2 diabetes and poor development of reproductive systems (Allen & Myers, 2006). Prevention of the malnutrition in children There is no doubt that malnutrition is both a field of study and international problem. Due to the large number of children with nutritional imbalance condition, the resultant health complication i n the future may be overpower to the national health systems.It is therefore important for the relevant authority to implement the most appropriate educational programs that will educate the public especially parents on feeding children with health diets. Strategies that encourage adequate breastfeeding of infants and the dangers of unhealthy junk foods are recommended. Educating the parent to change their lifestyles and take responsibility of their childrens eating habit is also essential. Educating parents of obese children for example will assist them identify the root cause of the problem and design an interpolation plan.It is also important for the parents to be aware of the nutritional need of their children which can be provided through polite education strategies (Hills, et al, 2007). The influence of the mass media in the modern world is not in doubt. Manufacturers of junk foods have bombarded the young people with advertisement which has had a significant influence on t heir eating habits. The same mass media can be used as a channel of educating the public on the importance of eating healthy foods.Media campaigns and advertisement that discourage unhealthy eating habits and educates people on dangers of malnutrition as well as nutritional requirement can possibly reverse the situation. However, these media promotions and advertisement should be carried out carefully to lift magnifying the already developing social stigma against overweight members of the society. Promotion of physical education in discipline and encouraging children to involve themselves in physical exercises such as playing sport, walking a cut through or riding a bicycle should be a top priority.There should be no excuse for physical education in schools while the parents should discourage passive activities at home such watching TV or playing computer games (French, et al, 2001). Conclusion Over indulgence in unhealthy junk foods rather that inadequate food supply is the mos t important form of malnutrition among American children today. These foods are deficient in essential dietary component and have high amounts of fats, sugars, salts, artificial additives and preservatives that have negative effects on childrens health.There is a need for the government through the relevant departments to implement policies and strategies that will save the children from malnutrition. This includes educating the parents on appropriate food for the children and promoting physical exercises among children. Strategies to combat numerous commercial advertisements of junk foods which make them look more attractive compared to healthy home made food should be developed and implemented. These policies should go hand in hand with ensuring increased access to quality and affordable foodstuffs.Reference Allen, R. E. & Myers, A . L (2006). Nutrition in toddlers. American family physician 74 (9) 152732. Blossner, M. & Mercedes, O. (2005). Malnutrition, quantifying the health im pact at national and local levels, retrieved on August 18th 2010 from http//whqlibdoc. who. int/publications/2005/9241591870. pdf. Dalton, S. (2005). Our Overweight Children What Parents, Schools, and Communities Can Do to Control the Fatness Epidemic, Los Angeles, CA University of California Press, Dietz, W. H (1998). Health consequences of obesity in youth childhood predictors of adult disease.pediatric medicine 101 (3 Pt 2) pp 51825. French S. A, Story, M, Neumark-Sztainer, D, Fulkerson J. A, Hannan P. (2001). Fast food restaurant use among adolescents associations with nutrient intake, food choices and behavioural and psychosocial variables. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 25 (12) 182333 Hills, A. P. , King, N. A. & Byrne, N. M. (2007). Children, obesity and exercise prevention, treatment and management of childhood and adolescent obesity, New York, NY Routledge Peter, G. K. (2005). clinical obesity in adults and children In Adults and Children. Hoboken, NJ Blackwell

College Life Essay

I was in truth excited to go on college by the conviction I step on the distributor point and got my diploma. During college applications, I would always think of what college has to offer far from high school. I would imagine myself walking around the universitys corridor from building to building, meeting new and unfamiliar faces, involving into different school activities and enjoying a lot of my unembellished quantify.I would also see myself in a more mature role as a Mass Communication student of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila which is I think a big challenge. However, I fear that college might be hard for me as a freshman.I wonder who are red to be my friends, exit I be with the good ones or the other way around, what type of professors Ill be dealing with, where should I and most importantly, how chamberpot I cope up with these flip-flops that I cant even sleep that night before our first day of school. And these are the things Ive encountered so far. The whole se t up of college is totally different from high school Embracing a change is certainly a difficult one. It took me a lot of valuation reserves to familiarize things in college.It is true that in college you are the master of your time. You should know how to manage your time preparing for school, during vacant hours and free time. Since Im from Cavite which is a 2 hour ride going to Manila (heavy traffic not included), I should have a time allowance so I cant be late on my first subject. Technically, if I have a 7 am class, I should be up at 4 am for preparation then at 5 am I must go. Same with going kinsfolk and this is very tiresome.During my vacant, instead of wandering somewhere I will do my assignments so when I came home, in that respects nothing to worry about. With my schedule, I can rarely bond with my parents and siblings at home because I must make the most out of my time to do what is geted and that often left me no personal time. I can no longer join family gatherin gs or social parties because if I do, I would sacrifice my time for sleep and rest.My time is being calculated and I think thats the switch part of being a college student. On the other hand, my social life broaden with the new friends Ive met in college but at first I find it hard to be comfortable with them because Im still looking for the same qualities of my friends in high school. Because of it, I barely enjoy my time with them which is not healthy. Thats the hardest part in me that I struggle, to open up myself for new opportunities. The next adjustment that I had was in terms of money.Back in my high school, I am not really into allowances because Ihad my pack lunch and school service. Whenever I need something, Ill just ask my parents and they will give me the amount of money I needed. But when I entered college, I started to budget everything I need with my allowance fare, food, and school stuffs. Especially with my school environment since it is near SM Manila and those tempting, low-cost stores mazed anywhere. With that, I learned to save money and prioritize my needs over wants that leaves no room for extras.

Operating system with inputs, transformation process and outputs Essay

The operating system that I have chosen is a particular religious service operation the realisation of a music plan. As every other organisation that amaze goods or services, it has a precise operating system, composed by a range of inputs, a transformation procedure and a final output.INPUTS We must distinguish between two different kind of resources transformed resources, that atomic number 18 the resources treated and transformed in about way, and transforming resources, that ar the resources that act upon the transformed resources.The transformed resources are ordinarily materials, information and customers very often one of these is dominant. A concert, like many other service operation, is preponderantly a customer figure outing operation. The main task of the musicians, and therefore also of the organisers, is to process audience in a way in which satisfies their public, maximising their enjoyment. There is of course a very high striking between audience and operat ion in fact a concert is a typical sheath of an operation in which satisfaction is sum of moneyd by customers perceptions, that are subjective. That means that is quite difficult to measure and control them. So, for example, the administrators of a music hall, following the music market sales, should try to have as a guest only the most successful musicians of the moment.The other transformed resources, together with audience, is the building converted or arranged for the concert. It can be a music hall, a stadium, an indoor stadium or nevertheless an open park, in any case it goes through a complete transformation of its appearance and its utilisation.As regards the transforming resources, there are two different types facilities and staff.Facilities are all the materials used to prepare the building for the concert. Depending on the location of it, they can have some differences, but surely there must be a stage, a checkpoint, lights and all musical and technological equipment (instruments, cables, microphones, mixer, etc.). Then, not always, there could be seats, banisters, changing room, toilets,bars, and checkrooms.Staff are all the pile in the operation, at any level, who carry out the concert. The most important are obviously the musicians if music concert is the product, the skills of musicians are the human capital of the entire process. But besides them a music concert needs also technicians, stage assemblers, security guards and box-office attendants.TRANSFORMATION PROCESS The transformation process is the music played for the audience, the concert itself, together with all other aspects of exhibition. The whole process usually does not cover more than one day. We can say that this kind of customer-processing operation is concerned with transforming the psychological declare of the audience, which is typical for most entertainment services, such as theatre, television and radio.OUTPUTS The output of a music concert is first of all the enterta ined audience, but we cannot forget to mention the importance of having guaranteed security for all the people inside the building. The general characteristics of these outputs are the same that distinguish outputs of every organisation that produces services from outputs of organisation that produce goods not tangible, non-storable, untransportable and simultaneous (in other words produced and consumed at the same time). Just the exact opposite of a normal good.Another difference between goods and services, as said before, is that the quality of goods is reasonably evident, it is measurable. But in a concert it is a little bit more complicate. The customer is inside the operation, he decide not only the outcome of the service (the music), but also the aspects of the way in which it was produced (all the rest of the scene).The input-transformation-output model can also be used within operations. All operations are made up for several units or departments, witch themselves act as s maller versions of the whole operation, with their own resources and their own outputs. So any operation can be considered as a hierarchy of operations. This is more true for greater manufacturing operation than theours, but also inside a music concert we can distinguish some different micro operations, as stage operations, location for audience, performance realisation.